Karcheski, Jr., and Thom Richardson, The Medieval Armour.Japan has a long tradition of history writing, based on the accumulation of indigenous scholarship since early times (e.g. And Use of Arms and Armor attempted to present the types and elements of arms and. As far as I can tell (playing England), 'Spear. On top of that, there are quite a few unit types that are either somewhat or (seemingly) utterly redundant. Now, Medieval 2 makes you micromanage reinforcements just like R:TW, but unit recruitment is restricted so you cant to the same extent just spam the few unit types youre interested in.

In Europe, technological, cultural, and social developments had forced a dramatic transformation in the character of warfare from antiquity, changing military tactics and the role of cavalry and artillery. Although challenged from various angles, for instance by Marxist critics like GorЕЌ Hani and ShЕЌ Ishimoda, this national historiography survived until the end of the 20th century.Medieval warfare is the warfare of the Middle Ages. In doing so, the novel historiography contributed to the establishment of the nation in Japan as a new political unit modelled after the Western countries. Modern historiography was only introduced as a result of the countryвЂ™s Westernization at the end of the 19th century, a modernization that promoted the nationalization of knowledge.

Japan is well-known for its highly aged society (26 percent over 65, compared to 20 percent in Germany). Starting with these introductory observations, this paper discusses three questions: 1) How have historians responded to historical accounts that emphasize a more integrated nation? 2) How did historians respond towards the transforming nation? And 3) How did historians react to a Japanese state that attempted to govern an amorphous nation?All of these questions are set against a backdrop of demographic changes in the 21st century, first and foremost linked to ageing and migration. Also, some historians searched for a better way to confront the traditional monolithic elite that still governs Japan.

The number of foreign students in higher education, seen as intellectual and easy-to-handle immigrants, increased from 64,011 in 2000 to 228,403 in 2019, which also involved a change in national history writing, with the rise of foreign or global history as a subject.As policy responses to these demographic shifts emerged, the relationship between the historiansвЂ™ community (often regarded as вЂњleft-wingвЂќ by many politicians) and the government of the state varied, and still does, from issue to issue. The educational sector has been one of the first fields of an open migration policy. However, to make up for the shortage in the workforce as a result of the shrinking population, the taboo on economic migration has been lifted. For a long time, migration and discussions around this topic remained a sensitive issue in Japan as it was feared it would end national uniformity. Migration has also an impact on history writing. In this sense, we can say that Japanese society experiences an excess or a burden of history, as the older generation still perceives the Japanese Empire as a nationally familiar topic and discusses the current social situation as вЂњpostwarвЂќ in comparison with the вЂњprewarвЂќ period.

This affects, for instance, the migration issue, in which the more traditionalistic, right-wing element in the party supports a continued ban on immigration, while the more business-oriented section advocates opening the country to foreigners.This paper focuses on historical research written inside Japan and in Japanese without ignoring that, since the 2000s, the communication between historians in Japan and outside Japan, writing in English and other languages, has become more intensive. Progressive is not necessarily valid in todayвЂ™s politics, as the party is not a monolithic block but rather a coalition of different interest groups and networks. Although the LDP is a conservative party in the first place, a clear-cut dichotomy of conservative vs.

Thus, the following analysis does not necessarily reflect the actual intentions of the majority of historians working in Japan, who deal with social or everyday history, for example, as their work is not at the centre of this analysis.Staging a Dialogue towards China and South Korea over History TextbooksThe classical presentation of JapanвЂ™s national history became a hotly disputed topic in 1982 when newspapers and TV stations reported that the Ministry of EducationвЂ™s censorship section had forced one textbook publisher to write that Japan вЂњadvancedвЂќ into, and not вЂњinvadedвЂќ, China in the prewar period. Therefore, they struggle to take into account the transformations of the Japanese state in the 21st century. These researchers do not consider a particular historical event as appropriate for writing national history if it is not reflected in written documents.

Moreover, they trivialized the wartime aggression of imperial Japan to encourage national pride. In particular, textbooks by both groups emphasized the historical role of the emperors as the central figures of national unity. Later another group called Atarashii rekishi kyЕЌkasho wo tsukuru kai (Japanese Society for History Textbook Reform, 1996вЂ“today) published textbooks with a similar aim of reconstructing Japanese history as an idealized national story to re-establish the unity of the nation. As a result, the Japanese government decided that every history textbook for schools requires that вЂњnecessary consideration be given to the treatment of modern and contemporary historical events with neighbouring Asian countries from the perspective of international understanding and international coordination.вЂќ In response to this incident, a Japanese right-wing group, Nihon wo mamoru kokumin Kaigi (National Conference to Protect Japan) , developed their own history textbooks based on a nationalistic understanding of history, with the first one being published in 1987.

This led to the translation of the French-German textbook into Japanese and research on its realization and utilization. For example, in the debates surrounding the textbooks, both the history of GermanyвЂ™s reconciliation with France as well as the project of a common history textbook between France and Germany were referred to as successful examples. These developments related to textbook production have triggered a great deal of historical research, in the field of Japanese history and beyond. The 20 textbooks demonstrate the importance of recognising the diversity of historical interpretations by discussing and verifying the national narratives of China, Korea, and Japan. Although there are many difficulties in changing textbooks and school curricula, efforts are being made in individual classes to overcome the distortion of national historiography. Nonetheless, they are used by the China-Japan Exchange Committee of the Japan Council of History Educators to intensify the practice and exchange of history education between China and Japan.

Medieval Unit Types